auraria males for timing insecticide applications has been conducted in Chile using pheromone-baited traps. For this reason, many growers currently rely on different insecticides (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis, organophosphates, etc.) as the most common pre-harvest tactic used against this pest. auraria within the list of new pests representing a risk of introduction to different new areas importing plants and fresh fruits from South America. However, the most important economic impact is due to its quarantine status, frequently causing rejections of Chilean fresh fruits for export when immature stages (mainly larvae) are found during fruit inspections after harvest.
Larvae also feed on the fruit epidermis, and cause surface tunneling, which makes the fruits unmarketable, and facilitates the development of saprophagous insects (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster Meigen) or fungal diseases (e.g., Botrytis cinerea Pers.). The larvae cause damage by folding foliage and eating flowers, reducing the photosynthetic potential, the canopy development, and the fruit set. and Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller)), the decreasing amount of natural enemies due to insecticide use, and/or replacement of the original vegetation including P. This is probably due to changes in management tactics for other pests (e.g., withdrawal of insecticide applications because of increasing use of mating disruption against Cydia pomonella L. auraria has become a key pest in some vineyards and orchards in Chile. auraria or Proeulia sp, include citrus, figs, grapes, kiwifruits, loquats, pome fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, and walnuts several native plants (e.g., Ugni molinae Turcz), weeds (e.g., Galega officinalis L.), and ornamental trees (e.g., Platanus orientalis L.). It is a polyphagous insect that has moved from native hosts to exotic plants the hosts reported for either P. Proeulia auraria is the economically most important species of the Genus Proeulia, endemic to Chile. The species is also mentioned in the literature from Argentina but restricted to Chile based on the Centre for Agricultural and Bioscience International, therefore considered a native moth. The Chilean fruit or pear leafroller, Proeulia auraria (Clarke) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae), is distributed in Chile, from Atacama (coordinates −27.37, −70.33) to Los Lagos (−41.47, −72.94). As far as we know, this is the first report on MD development against a South American tortricid pest. auraria, needing now the development of a commercial product and the strategy (and protocols) necessary to control this pest in conventional and organic orchards in Chile. Furthermore, mating disruption (MD) field trials showed that application of 250 pheromone point sources using the dispenser wax matrix SPLAT (Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology, 10.5% pheromone) with a total of 78 g/ha of the blend described above resulted in trap shutdown immediately after application, and mating disruption >99% in all orchards for at least 5 months. No or low adult activity was observed during January and between late May and late August. Using this blend, we studied the phenology of adult males in vineyards, apple, and blueberry orchards, identifying two long flight cycles per season, lasting from September to May and suggesting 2–3 generations during the season. We concluded that septa loaded with 200 μg of E11-14:OAc + 60 μg E11-14:OH allowed for efficient trap captures for up to 10 weeks. Using synthetic pheromone compounds, we conducted field trials to optimize the blend for monitoring, and to determine the activity period of rubber septa aged under field conditions. The leafroller Proeulia auraria (Clarke) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a native, polyphagous, and growing pest of several fruit crops in Chile it also has quarantine importance to several markets, thus tools for management are needed.
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